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arxiv:2610.02638

Batched Speech Decisions Without Decoding: Single-Token Supervision Lets a Frozen LLM Hear Beyond the Transcript

Published on Oct 2
· Submitted by
Jie Jin
on Oct 14
Authors:
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Abstract

DuplexJev enables rapid full-duplex voice decision-making by feeding ASR encoder states into a frozen LLM via connectors, achieving high accuracy for spoken QA and speaker attributes without autoregressive decoding.

Full-duplex voice agents make many small, closed decisions, which current systems answer by slow autoregressive decoding. We propose DuplexJev, which feeds ASR-encoder hidden states through a small connector into a frozen LLM and reads each question as a single-token distribution over its options. Nothing is decoded, and an 8-GPU node answers 80 decisions about eight utterances in about 0.1 s. With a last-layer connector, spoken QA stays close to reading the transcript (90% vs. 91%). DuplexJev also hears the speaker: gender and emotion accuracy both reach 90% (from 55% and 28%) with a cross-attention connector, whose spoken QA drops by only 1 point (83% to 82%). We train decisions with cross-entropy on the read-out answer token, instead of the usual transcript distillation, whose teacher never hears the voice, and keep distillation for content. Encoders and LLMs are interchangeable; we release weights, training recipe, a batched-inference pipeline for full-duplex serving and a bilingual spoken-QA set.

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Voice agents make many small closed decisions (has the user finished? is this a backchannel? did the tone change?). DuplexJev answers them without decoding: a frozen LLM hears ASR-encoder states and reads each question as a single-token distribution over its options. One forward pass gives 10 decisions in 92 ms.

It also hears what the transcript drops: state of the art on LISTEN (EACL 2026). On the same items it is ahead of Gemini 3.8 Flash, Gemini 3.8 Live, GPT-audio-1.5, GPT-realtime-2.1 and Qwen3-Omni (scripts and every model's answers are in the repo).

Weights, training recipe, LiveKit/Pipecat plugins and demos:

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